Happy
Birthday Donald Duck!
Growing up I remember watching Donald Duck Shorts before
many movies. He was as popular if not more so than Mickey Mouse, but Mickey
always had my heart. Happy Birthday Donald! Today is your day!
The following is from WikiPedia.org
Donald Duck
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
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Donald Duck
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First appearance
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The Wise Little Hen (1934)
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Created by
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Clarence Nash (1934–1985)
Tony Anselmo (1985–present) |
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Developed by
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Information
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Full name
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Donald Fauntleroy Duck
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Nickname(s)
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Don
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Aliases
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Species
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Family
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Relatives
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Ludwig Von Drake (uncle)
Scrooge McDuck (uncle) Huey, Dewey, and Louie (nephews) |
Donald Duck is a funny animal cartoon character created in 1934
at Walt Disney
Productions. Donald is an anthropomorphic white duck with a yellow-orange bill,
legs, and feet. He typically wears a sailor suit with a cap and a black or
red bow tie. Donald is most famous for his semi-intelligible speech and his
mischievous and irritable personality. Along with his friendMickey Mouse, Donald is one of the most
popular Disney characters and was included in TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest
cartoon characters of all time in 2002.[1] He has appeared in more films
than any other Disney character, listed as appearing in approximately 178
theatrical films compared to Mickey Mouse's 137, and is the fifth most
published comic book character in the world after Batman, Superman, Spider-Man, and Wolverine.[2]
Donald Duck rose to fame with his comedic
roles in animated cartoons.
His distinctive voice was created by Clarence Nash, who performed the role for 50
years. Donald's first appearance was in The Wise Little Hen (1934),
but it was his second appearance in Orphan's Benefit which introduced him
as a temperamental comic foil to Mickey Mouse. Throughout the next two decades
Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films, several of which were recognized
at the Academy Awards. In
the 1930s he typically appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey andGoofy and
was given his own film series in 1937, starting with Don Donald. These films introduced
Donald's girlfriend Daisy Duck and
sometimes featured his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and
Louie. After the 1956 film Chips Ahoy, Donald appeared
primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical
animation in Mickey's Christmas
Carol (1983). His most recent appearance in a theatrical
film was 1999's Fantasia 2000.
Donald has also appeared in direct-to-video features such as Mickey's
Once Upon a Christmas (1999) and The
Three Musketeers (2004) as well as television programs such
as DuckTales (1987–1990), Quack Pack (1996), and Mickey Mouse
Clubhouse (2006–present).[3]
Beyond animation Donald is primarily known
for his appearances in comics,
both in newspaper strips and comic books. Donald was most famously drawn
by Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, andDon Rosa. Barks in particular is credited for
greatly expanding the "duck universe",
the world in which Donald lives, and creating many additional characters such
as Donald's maternal uncle Scrooge McDuck. Today Donald is a very popular
character in Europe, particularly in the Low Countries and Scandinavian countries where his weekly
magazine has remained the most popular comics publication for over 50 years.
Disney comics' fandom is sometimes referred to as "Donaldism", a term which originated in
Norway. (Norwegian: Donaldisme)
He has also made video game appearances, such as QuackShot (1991), Goin' Quackers (2000),
and Kingdom Hearts (2002).[4][5]
Origins
The origins of Donald Duck's name was said to
have been inspired by Australian cricket legend Donald Bradman. In 1932 Bradman and the
Australian team were touring North America and he made the news after
being dismissed for
aduck against New York West Indians. Walt Disney was in the process of
creating a "friend" for Mickey Mouse when he read about Bradman's
dismissal in the papers and decided to name the new character "Donald
Duck".[6]
Characteristics
Personality
Donald's two dominant personality traits are
his short temper and his positive outlook on life. Many Donald shorts start
with Donald in a happy mood, without a care in the world until something comes
along and spoils his day. His anger is a great cause of suffering in his life.
On multiple occasions, it has caused him to get in over his head and lose
competitions. There are times when he fights to keep his temper, and he
sometimes succeeds in doing so temporarily, but he always returns to his normal
angry self in the end.
Donald's aggressive nature has its
advantages, however. While it at times it is a hindrance, and even a handicap,
it has also helped him in times of need. When faced with a threat of some kind,
for example Pete's attempts to intimidate him, he is initially scared, but his
fear is replaced by anger. As a result, instead of running away, he
fights—with ghosts, sharks, mountain goats, giant kites, and even
the forces of nature.
And, more often than not, when he fights, he comes out on top.
Donald is something of a prankster, and as a
result, he can sometimes come across as a bit of a bully, especially in the way
he sometimes treats his nephews and Chip 'n' Dale. As the animator Fred Spencer has put it:
The Duck gets a big kick
out of imposing on other people or annoying them, but he immediately loses his
temper when the tables are turned. In other words, he can dish it out, but he
can't take it.[7]
However, there is seldom any malice in
Donald's pranks. He is never out to hurt anyone, and whenever his pranks go too
far, he is always very regretful. In Truant Officer Donald,
for example, when he is tricked into believing he has accidentally killed Huey,
Dewey and Louie, he shows great remorse, blaming himself. His nephews appear in
the form of angels, and he willingly endures a kick by one of the them---that
is, of course, until he realizes he has been played for a sap, whereupon he
promptly loses his temper.
Donald is also a bit of a show-off. He likes
to brag, especially about how skilled he is at something. He does in fact have
many skills—he is something of a Jack of
all Trades. Amongst other things, he is a good fisher and a good
hockey player. However, his love of bragging often leads him to overestimate
his abilities, so that when he sets out to make good on his boasts, he gets in
over his head, usually to hilarious effect.
Another of his personality traits is
tenacity. Even though he can at times be lazy, and likes to say that his
favorite place to be is in a hammock, once he has
committed to accomplishing something he goes for it 100 percent, sometimes
resorting to extreme measures to reach his goal.
Phrases
Donald has a few memorable phrases that he
occasionally comes out with in certain situations. For example, when he
stumbles across other characters in the midst of planning some sort of
retaliation or prank, or when things don't go as he'd planned or don't work
properly, he often says, "What's the big idea!?" When he has given up
on something he's been trying to do, or something he's been hoping will happen,
he tends to say, "Aw, phooey!" When he confronts someone who's been
antagonizing him, or something that's been frustrating him, he likes to
exclaim, "So!!" He greets his friend Daisy, and occasionally others,
with, "Hiya, toots!" And when he's very excited about something, he
usually mutters, Oh boy, oh boy, oh boy" under his breath.
Health
There's a running gag in the Donald Duck comics
about him being out of shape and unwilling to exercise. Usually, some character
close to Donald annoys him by saying he's being lazy and needs to get some
exercise. But despite his apparent slothfulness, Donald proves that he is
physically strong. In the short film, Sea Scouts, Donald is
traveling with his nephews in a boat when it's attacked by a shark. Donald
makes several attempts to defeat the shark, each of which proves ineffective,
but then finally triumphs and defeats the shark with a single well-placed
punch.
Rivalry
with Mickey Mouse
Throughout his career, Donald has shown that
he's jealous of Mickey and wants his job as Disney's greatest star, similar to
the Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck rivalry. In most Disney
theatrical cartoons, Mickey and Donald are shown as partners and have little to
no rivalry. However by the time The Mickey Mouse Club aired
on television (after Bugs vs. Daffy cartoons such as Rabbit Fire), it was shown that Donald always
wanted the spotlight. One animated short that rivaled the famous Mickey Mouse March song
was showing Huey, Dewey, and Louie as Boy Scouts and Donald as their Scoutmaster at a cliff near a
remote forest and Donald leads them in a song
mirroring the Mouseketeers theme "D-O-N-A-L-D D-U-C-K-! Donald Duck!"
The rivalry would cause Donald some problems, in a 1988 TV special,
where Mickey is cursed by a sorcerer to become unnoticed, the world believes
Mickey to be kidnapped. Donald Duck is then arrested for the kidnapping of Mickey, as he is considered
to be the chief suspect, due to their rivalry. However, Donald did later get
the charges dismissed, due to lack of evidence. Walt Disney, in his Wonderful World of
Color, would sometimes make reference to the rivalry. Walt, one time, had
presented Donald with a gigantic birthday cake and commented how it was
"even bigger than Mickey's", which pleased Donald. The clip was
rebroadcast in November 1984 during a TV special honoring
Donald's 50th birthday, with Dick Van Dyke substituting for Walt.
The rivalry between Mickey and Donald has
also been shown in Disney's House of
Mouse. It was shown that Donald wanted to be the Club's founder
and wanted to change the name from House of Mouse to House
of Duck. However, in later episodes, Donald accepted that Mickey was the
founder and worked with Mickey as a partner to make the club profitable.
Enemies
Donald has numerous enemies, who range from
comical foil to annoying nemesis: Chip 'n' Dale, Humphrey the Bear, Spike
The Bee, Mountain Lion Louie, Bootle
Beetle, Witch Hazel (in Trick
and Treat), Aracuan Bird and Baby
Shelby(in Mickey Mouse Works).
In the comics, he is often pestered and
tormented by the Beagle Boys, Magica De Spell, Gladstone Glander and Mr. Jones.
In the videogame Donald Duck:
Goin' Quackers, he saves Daisy from Merlock.
Donald
in animation
Early
appearances
For more details on this
topic, see Donald Duck
filmography.
According to Leonard Maltin in his introduction
to The Chronological Donald - Volume 1, Donald was created by Walt Disney when he heard Clarence Nash
doing his "duck" voice while reciting "Mary had a little
lamb". Mickey Mouse had
lost some of his edge since becoming a role model for children and Disney
wanted a character that could portray some of the more negative character
traits he could no longer bestow on Mickey.
Donald Duck first appeared in the 1934 cartoon The Wise Little Hen which
was part of the Silly Symphonies series
of theatrical cartoon shorts. The film's release date of June 9 is officially
recognized by the Walt Disney Company as Donald's birthday[8] despite a couple in-universe
contradictions.[9] Donald's appearance in the
cartoon, as created by animator Dick Lundy,
is similar to his modern look — the feather and beak colors are the same, as is
the blue sailor shirt and hat — but his features are more elongated, his body
plumper, and his feet smaller. Donald's personality is not developed either; in
the short, he only fills the role of the unhelpful friend from the original
story.
Burt Gillett brought Donald back in
his Mickey Mouse cartoon, Orphan's Benefit, released August 11,
1934. Donald is one of a number of characters who are giving performances in a
benefit for Mickey's Orphans. Donald's act is to recite the poems Mary Had a Little
Lamb and Little Boy Blue, but every time he tries,
the mischievous orphans heckle him, leading the duck to fly into a squawking
fit of anger. This explosive personality would remain with Donald for decades
to come.
Donald continued to be a hit with audiences.
The character began appearing regularly in most Mickey Mouse cartoons. Cartoons
from this period, such as the 1935 cartoon The Band Concert — in which Donald
repeatedly disrupts the Mickey Mouse Orchestra's rendition of The William Tell
Overture by playing Turkey in the Straw —
are regularly hailed by critics as exemplary films and classics of animation.
Animator Ben Sharpsteen also
minted the classic Mickey, Donald, and Goofy comedy in 1935,
with the cartoon Mickey's Service Station.
In 1936, Donald was redesigned to be a bit
fuller, rounder, and cuter, the first to feature this design was the
cartoon Moving Day.
He also began starring in solo cartoons, the first of which was the January 9,
1937 Ben Sharpsteen cartoon, Don Donald. This short also introduced a
love interest of Donald's, Donna Duck, who evolved into Daisy Duck.[10] Donald's nephews, Huey, Dewey and Louie,
would make their first animated appearance a year later in the April 15, 1938
film, Donald's Nephews,
directed by Jack King (they
had been earlier introduced in the Donald Duck comic strip by Al Taliaferro, see below). By 1938, most polls
showed that Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse.[11] Disney could, however, help
Mickey regain popularity by redesigning him, giving him his most appealing
design as production for the Fantasia segment "The Sorcerer's
Apprentice" began in 1938.
After his early appearances, he went on to
become part of the famed trio Mickey, Donald, and Goofy. He appeared in many of
the cartoons, including Moving Day.
Wartime
Donald
Several of Donald's shorts during the war
were propaganda films,
most notably Der Fuehrer's Face,
released on January 1, 1943. In it, Donald plays a worker in an artillery
factory in "Nutzi Land" (Nazi Germany). He struggles with long working
hours, very small food rations,[12] and having to salute every time he sees a picture of
the Führer (Adolf Hitler). These pictures appear in many
places, such as on the assembly line in which he is screwing in the detonators
of various sizes of shells. In the end he becomes little more than a small part
in a faceless machine with no choice but to obey until he falls, suffering a
nervous breakdown. Then Donald wakes up to find that his experience was in fact
a dream. At the end of the short Donald looks to the Statue of Liberty and the American flag with renewed
appreciation. Der Fuehrer's Face won the 1942 Academy
Award for Animated Short Film. Der Fuehrer's Face was
also the first of two animated short films to be set during the War to win an
Oscar, the other being Tom and Jerry's
short film, The Yankee Doodle
Mouse.[13]
Other notable shorts from this period include
seven films mini-series that follow Donald's life in the US Army from
his drafting to his life in basic training under sergeant Pete to his first actual mission as
a commando having to sabotage a Japanese air
base. Titles in the series include:
·
Donald Gets Drafted (May 1, 1942) (shown
in his Selective Service Draft Card close up, we learn Donald's full name:
Donald Fauntleroy Duck)
Thanks
in part to these films, Donald graced the nose artwork of virtually every type
of WWII Allied combat aircraft, from the L-4 Grasshopper to the B-29 Superfortress.[14]
Donald also appears as a mascot—such as in
the Army Air Corps 309th Fighter
Squadron[15] and the U.S. Coast Guard
Auxiliary, which showed Donald as a fierce-looking pirate ready to
defend the American coast from invaders.[16] Donald also appeared as a
mascot emblem for: 415th Fighter
Squadron; 438th Fighter
Squadron; 479th
Bombardment Squadron; 531st
Bombardment Squadron. He also appears as the mascot for the United States Air
Force 319 Aircraft Maintenance Unit at Luke Air
Force Base. He is seen wearing an old-style pilot's uniform with a board with a
nail in it in one hand and a lightning bolt in the other hand. Donald's most
famous appearance, however, was on North American Aviation B-25B Mitchell
medium bomber (S/N 40-2261) piloted by Lt. Ted W. Lawson of the 95th
Bombardment Squadron, USAAF. The aircraft, named the "Ruptured Duck"
and carrying a picture of Donald's face above a pair of crossed crutches, was
one of sixteen B-25Bs which took off from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet to
bomb Tokyo on April 18, 1942. The mission was led by Lieutenant Colonel (later
General) Jimmy Doolittle. Like most of the aircraft that participated in the
mission, the Ruptured Duck was unable to reach its assigned landing field in
China following the raid and ended up ditching off the coast near Shangchow,
China. The Ruptured Duck's pilot survived, with the loss of a leg, and later
wrote about the Doolittle Raid in the book, later to be the movie, Thirty
Seconds Over Tokyo (Random House pub. 1943).
During World War II, Disney cartoons were not
allowed to be imported into Occupied Europe owing to their
propagandistic content. Since this cost Disney a lot of money, he decided to
create a new audience for his films in South America. He decided to make a trip
through various Latin American countries with his assistants, and use their
experiences and impressions to create two feature-length animation films. The
first was Saludos Amigos,
which consisted of four short segments, two of them with Donald Duck. In the
first, he meets his parrot pal Jose Carioca. The second film was The Three Caballeros,
in which he meets his rooster friend Panchito.
Post-war
animation
Many of Donald's films made after the war
recast the duck as the brunt of some other character's pestering. Donald is
repeatedly attacked, harassed, and ridiculed by his nephews, by the chipmunks Chip 'n' Dale, or by other characters such as Humphrey the Bear, Spike
the Bee, Bootle
Beetle, the Aracuan Bird, Louie
the Mountain Lion, or a colony of ants. In effect, the Disney
artists had reversed the classic screwball scenario
perfected by Walter Lantz and
others in which the main character is the instigator of these
harassing behaviors, rather than the butt of them.
The post-war Donald also starred in educational films, such as Donald in
Mathmagic Land and How to Have an Accident at Work (both
1959), and made cameos in various Disney projects, such as The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
and theDisneyland television show (1959). For this latter
show, Donald's uncle Ludwig von Drake was created in 1961.
Clarence Nash voiced Donald for the last time
in Mickey's Christmas
Carol (1983), making Donald the only character in the film
to be voiced by his original actor. Since Nash's death in 1985, Donald's voice
has been provided by Tony Anselmo, who
was mentored by Nash. Anselmo's voice is heard for the first time in Who Framed Roger
Rabbit?. In this movie, Donald has a piano duel scene with
his Warner Brothers counterpart
and rivel Daffy Duck voiced
by Mel Blanc. Donald has since appeared in
several different television shows and (short) animated movies. He played roles
in The
Prince and the Pauper and made a cameo appearance in A Goofy Movie.
Donald had a rather small part in the
animated television series DuckTales. There, Donald joins the Navy,
and leaves his nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie with their Uncle Scrooge, who then has to take care of
them. Donald's role in the overall series was fairly limited, as he only ended
up appearing in a handful of episodes. Some of the stories in the series were
loosely based on the comics by Carl Barks.
Donald made some cameo appearances in Bonkers,
before getting his own television show Quack Pack. This series featured a
modernized Duck family. Donald was no longer wearing his sailor suit and hat,
but a Hawaiian shirt. Huey, Dewey, and Louie now are teenagers, with distinct
clothing, voices, and personalities. Daisy Duck has lost her pink dress and bow
and has a new hairdo. Oddly enough, no other family members, besides Ludwig von
Drake, appear inQuack Pack, and all other Duckburg citizens are humans,
and not dogs.
He made a comeback as the star of the
"Noah's Ark" segment of Fantasia 2000, as first mate to Noah.
Donald musters the animals to the Ark and attempts to control them. He
tragically believes that Daisy has been lost, while she believes the same of
him, but they are reunited at the end. All this to Edward Elgar's Pomp and Circumstance Marches
1–4.
In an alternate opening for the 2005 Disney
film Chicken Little,
Donald would have made a cameo appearance as "Ducky Lucky". This
scene can be found on the Chicken Little DVD.
Donald also played an important role in Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse. In the latter show, he is
the co-owner of Mickey's night club. He is part of the ensemble cast of classic
characters in the TV show Mickey Mouse
Clubhouse as well.
Donald
in comics
Main article: Donald Duck in comics
While Donald's cartoons enjoy vast popularity
in the United States and
around the world, his weekly and monthly comic books enjoy their greatest
popularity in many European countries,
especially Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland, but also Germany, the Netherlands, and Greece. Most of them are produced and published by the
Italian branch of the Walt Disney Company in
Italy and by Egmont in
Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden. In Germany, the comics are published by
Ehapa which has since become part of the Egmont empire. Donald-comics are also
being produced in The Netherlands and France. Donald also has been appeared in
Japanese comics published by Kodansha and Tokyopop.
According to the INDUCKS, which is a database about Disney
comics worldwide, American, Italian and Danish stories have been reprinted in
the following countries. In most of them, publications still continue: Australia, Austria, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, the People's
Republic of China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark (Faroe Islands),Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the former Yugoslavia.
Though a 1931 Disney publication called Mickey
Mouse Annual mentioned a character named Donald Duck, the
character's first appearance in comic-strip format was a newspaper
cartoon that was based on the short The Wise Little Hen and
published in 1934. For the next few years, Donald made a few more appearances
in Disney-themed strips, and by 1936, he had grown to be one of the most
popular characters in the Silly Symphonies comic strip. Ted Osbornewas the primary writer of these
strips, with Al Taliaferro as
his artist. Osborne and Taliaferro also introduced several members of Donald's
supporting cast, including his nephews, Huey, Dewey, and
Louie.
In 1937, an Italian publisher named Mondadori created the first Donald Duck
story intended specifically for comic books. The eighteen-page story, written
by Federico
Pedrocchi, is the first to feature Donald as an adventurer rather
than simply a comedic character. Fleetway in England also began publishing comic-book
stories featuring the duck.
Developments
under Taliaferro
A daily Donald Duck comic
strip drawn by Taliaferro and written by Bob Karp began running in the United States on February 2, 1938; the
Sunday strip began the following year. Taliaferro and Karp created an even
larger cast of characters for Donald's world. He got a new St. Bernard named Bolivar, and his family grew
to include cousin Gus Goose and
grandmother Elvira Coot.
Donald's new rival girlfriends were Donna and Daisy Duck. Taliaferro also gave Donald his
very own automobile, a 1934 Belchfire
Runabout, in a 1938 story.
Developments
under Barks
In 1942, Western Publishing began
creating original comic-book stories about Donald and other Disney characters.
Bob Karp worked on the earliest of these, a story called "Donald Duck
Finds Pirate Gold". The new publisher meant new illustrators,
however: Carl Barks and Jack Hannah. Barks would later repeat
the treasure-hunting theme
in many more stories.
Barks soon took over the major development of
the comic-book version of the duck as both writer and illustrator. Under his
pen, the comic version of Donald diverged even further from his animated
counterpart, becoming more adventurous, less temperamental, and more
eloquent. Pete was the
only other major character from the Mickey Mouse comic strip
to feature in Barks' new Donald Duck universe.
Barks placed Donald in the city of Duckburg, which he populated with a host of
supporting players, including Neighbour Jones (1944), Uncle Scrooge McDuck (1947), Gladstone Gander (1948), the Beagle Boys (1951), Gyro Gearloose (1952), April, May and June (1953), Flintheart Glomgold (1956), Magica de Spell (1961), and John D. Rockerduck (1961).
Many of Taliaferro's characters made the move to Barks' world as well,
including Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Barks placed Donald in both domestic and
adventure scenarios, and Uncle Scrooge became one of his favorite characters to
pair up with Donald. Scrooge's popularity grew, and by 1952, the character had
a comic book of his own. At this point, Barks concentrated his major efforts on
the Scrooge stories, and Donald's appearances became more focused on comedy or
he was recast as Scrooge's reluctant helper, following his rich uncle around
the globe.
Further
developments
Dozens of writers continued to utilize Donald
in their stories around the world.
For example the Disney Studio artists, who
made comics directly for the European market. Two of them, Dick Kinney (1917–1985) and Al
Hubbard (1915–1984) created Donald's cousin Fethry Duck.
The American artists Vic Lockman and Tony Strobl (1915–1991), who were working
directly for the American comic books, created Moby Duck.
Strobl was one of the most productive Disney artists of all time, and drew many
stories which Barks wrote and sketched after his retirement. In the 1990s and
early 2000s, these scripts were re-drawn in a style closer to Barks' own by
Dutch artist Daan Jippes.
Italian publisher Mondadori created many of
the stories that were published throughout Europe. They also introduced
numerous new characters who are today well known in Europe. One example is
Donald Duck's alter-ego, a superherocalled Paperinik in Italian, created in 1969 by Guido Martina
(1906–1991) and Giovan Battista Carpi (1927–1999).
Giorgio Cavazzano and Carlo Chendi
created Umperio Bogarto, a detective whose name is an obvious
parody on Humphrey Bogart.
They also created O.K Quack, an
extraterrestrial Duck who landed on earth in a spaceship in the shape of a
coin. He however lost his spaceship, and befriended Scrooge, and now is allowed
to search through his moneybin time after time, looking for his ship.
Romano Scarpa (1927–2005), who was a very
important and influential Italian Disney artist, created Brigitta McBridge, a female Duck who is madly
in love with Scrooge. Her affections are never answered by him, though, but she
keeps trying. Scarpa also came up with Dickie Duck, the granddaughter of Glittering Goldie (Scrooge's possible
love-interest from his days in the Klondike) and Kildare Coot, a nephew of Grandma Duck.
Italian artist Corrado Mastantuono created
Bum Bum Ghigno, a cynical, grumpy and not too good looking Duck who teams up
with Donald and Gyro a lot.
The American artist William van Horn also introduced a new
character: Rumpus McFowl, an
old and rather corpulent Duck with a giant appetite and laziness, who is first
said to be a cousin of Scrooge. Only later, Scrooge reveals to his nephews
Rumpus is actually his half-brother. Later, Rumpus also finds out.
Working for the Danish editor Egmont,
artist Daniel Branca (1951–2005)
and script-writers Paul Halas and Charlie Martin created Sonny Seagull, an
orphan who befriends Huey, Dewey and Louie, and his rival, Mr. Phelps.
One of the most productive Duck-artist used
to be Victor Arriagada Rios,
(deceased 2012) better known under the name Vicar. He had his own studio where
he and his assistants drew the stories sent in by Egmont. With writer/editors
Stefan and Unn Printz-Påhlson, Vicar created the character Oona, a prehistoric
duck princess who traveled to modern Duckburg by using Gyro's time-machine. She
stayed, and is still seen in occasional modern stories.
The best-known and most popular Duck-artist
of this time is American Don Rosa. He started
doing Disney comics in 1987 for the American publisher Gladstone. He later
worked briefly for the Dutch editors, but moved to work directly for Egmont
soon afterwards. His stories contain many direct references to stories by Carl
Barks, and he also wrote and illustrated a 12-part
series of stories about the life of Scrooge McDuck, which won him
two Eisner awards.
Other important artists who have worked with
Donald are Freddy Milton and Daan Jippes, who made 18 ten-pagers which
experts claim, were very difficult to separate from Barks' own work from the
late 1940s.
Japanese artist Shiro Amano worked with Donald on the
graphic novel Kingdom Hearts based
on the Disney-SquareEnix videogame.
Donald
Duck outside the United States
Donald Duck has a slightly different
character abroad.[citation needed][how?]
Nordic
Countries
Donald Duck (Kalle Anka in
Sweden,[17] Anders And in
Denmark, Andrés Önd in Iceland, Donald Duck in
Norway,[citation needed] and Aku
Ankka in Finland[17]) is a very popular character in
Nordic countries. In the mid-1930s, Robert S. Hartman, a German who served as a
representative of Walt Disney, visited Sweden to supervise the merchandise
distribution of Sagokonst (The Art of Fables). Hartman found a studio called
L'Ateljé Dekoratör, which produced illustrated cards that were published by
Sagokonst. Since the Disney characters on the cards appeared to be exactly
'on-model', Hartman asked the studio to create a local version of the
English-language Mickey
Mouse Weekly. In 1937 L'Ateljé Dekoratör began publishing Musse
Pigg Tidningen (Mickey Mouse Magazine), which had
high production values and spanned 23 issues; most of the magazine's content
came from local producers, while some material consisted of reprints from Mickey
Mouse Weekly. The comic anthology ended in 1938. Hartman helped Disney
establish offices in all Nordic countries before he left Disney in 1941. Donald
became the most popular of the Disney characters in Scandinavia,[17] and Scandinavians recognise
him better than Mickey Mouse.[citation needed] Kalle
Anka & Co, Donald's first dedicated Swedish anthology, started in
September 1948. In 2001 the Finnish Post Office issued a stamp set to
commemorate the 50th year anniversary of Donald's presence in Finland. By 2005
around one out of every four Norwegians read the Norwegian edition Donald
Duck & Co. per week, translating to around 1.3 million regular
readers. During the same year, every week 434,000 Swedes read Kalle Anka
& Co. By 2005 in Finland the Donald Duck anthology Aku Ankka sold
270,000 copies per issue. Tim Pilcher and Brad Books, authors of The
Essential Guide to World Comics, described the Donald anthologies as
"the Scandinavian equivalent of the UK's Beano or Dandy, a comic that generations have grown
up with, from grandparents to grandchildren."[17]
Hannu Raittila, an author, says that Finnish
people recognize an aspect of themselves in Donald; Raittila cites that Donald
attempts to retrieve himself from "all manner of unexpected and unreasonable
scrapes using only his wits and the slim resources he can put his hands on, all
of which meshes nicely with the popular image of Finland as driftwood in the
crosscurrents of world politics." Finnish voters placing "protest
votes" typically write "Donald
Duck" as the candidate.[18] In Sweden voters often voted
for Donald Duck or the Donald Duck Party as a nonexistent
candidate until a 2006 change in voting laws, which prohibited voting for
nonexistent candidates. In a twenty-year span Donald won enough votes to be, in
theory, Sweden's ninth-most popular political organization. In 1985 Donald
received 291 votes in an election for the Parliament of Sweden (Riksdag).[19]
By 1978, within Finland there was debate over
the morality of Donald Duck. Matti Holopainen jokingly criticized Donald for
living with Daisy while not being married to her, for not wearing trousers, and
for, in the words of the Library Journal, being "too bourgeois".[20][21] Some observers from Finland
from the same time period supported Donald, referring to him as a "genuine
proletarian...forced to sell his labor at slave rates to make a living".
The Library Journalstated that it had been revealed that, since
1950, Donald had secretly been married to Daisy.[22] An annual Christmas special in
Norway, Denmark, Finland and Sweden is From All of Us
to All of You, in Norway and Sweden with a title of Donald
Duck and His Friends Celebrate Christmas. Segments include Ferdinand the Bull,
a short with Chip 'n' Dale, a segment from Lady and the Tramp,
a sneak preview of a coming Disney movie and concludes with Jiminy Cricket
performing "When You Wish Upon a Star". To many people watching this
special is a tradition as important as having a Christmas tree.[citation needed]
Germany
Donald Duck is very popular in Germany, where
Donald themed comics sell an average of 250,000 copies each week, mostly
published in the kids’ weekly Micky Maus and the monthly Donald
Duck Special (for adults).[23] The Wall Street Journal called
Donald Duck "The Jerry Lewis of Germany", a reference to American
star Jerry Lewis' popularity in France.[23] Donald's dialogue in German
comics tends to be more sophisticated and philosophical, he "quotes from
German literature, speaks in grammatically complex sentences and is prone to
philosophical musings, while the stories often take a more political tone than
their American counterparts",[23] features especially associated
withErika Fuchs's popular German translations of
the comics created by The Good Duck Artist Carl Barks. Christian Pfeiler – former
president of D.O.N.A.L.D., a German acronym which stands for "German
Organization for Non-commercial Followers of Pure Donaldism" – says Donald
is popular in Germany because "almost everyone can identify with him. He
has strengths and weaknesses; he lacks polish but is also very cultured and
well-read."[23] It is through this everyman persona that Donald is able to
voice philosophical truths about German society that appeal to both children
and adults.[23] Donald's writers and
illustrators Carl Barks, Don Rosa and Ub Iwerks are well known in Germany, and
have their own fan clubs.
Disney
theme parks
Donald Duck has played a major role in many
Disney theme parks over the years. He has actually been seen in more
attractions and shows at the parks than Mickey Mouse has. He has appeared over
the years in such attractions asMickey Mouse Revue, Mickey's PhilharMagic, Disneyland:
The First 50 Magical Years, Gran
Fiesta Tour Starring the Three Caballeros and the updated
version of "it's a small world".
He also is seen in the parks as a meet-and-greet character.
One long-ago-scrapped idea was also to have a
bumper boat ride themed to Donald Duck.[citation needed]
Donald
in children's books
Donald has been a frequent character in
children's books beginning in 1935. Most of these books were published by
Whitman Publishing, later called Western Publishing, or one of its
subsidiaries. The following is a list of children's books in which Donald is
the central character. This does not include comic books or activity books such
as coloring books.
|
Whitman/Western books
·
Walt
Disney's Donald Duck (1935),
first published appearance
·
Donald
Duck Story Book (1937)
·
Donald
Duck Has His Ups and Downs (1937)
·
Donald's
Lucky Day (1939), adaptation of the
cartoon short of the same name
·
Donald
Duck and His Cat Troubles (1948)
·
Bringing
up the Boys (1948)
·
Donald
Duck's Kite (1949)
·
Donald
Duck and the Wishing Star (1952),
a Cozy Corner book
·
Donald
Duck Goes to Disneyland (1955)
·
Help
Wanted (1955)
·
Donald
Duck and the Lost Mesa Ranch (1966)
·
Donald
Duck: Board Book (1969)
Better Little Books
·
Donald
Duck Gets Fed Up (1940)
·
Donald
Duck Sees Stars (1941)
·
Off the
Beam (1943)
·
Headed
for Trouble (1943)
·
Donald
Duck Lays Down the Law (1948)
·
Donald
Duck in Volcano Valley (1949)
·
The
Great Kite Maker (1949)
·
Donald's
Toy Train (1950), based on cartoon
short Out of Scale
·
Donald
Duck's Adventure (1950), a Mickey Mouse Club
book
·
Donald
Duck and Santa Clause (1952),
a Mickey Mouse Club book
·
Donald
Duck and the Witch (1953)
·
Donald
Duck's Toy Sailboat (1954), based on the cartoon
short Chips Ahoy
·
Donald
Duck's Safety Book (1954)
·
Donald
Duck in Disneyland (1955)
·
Donald
Duck and the Mouseketeers (1956),
a Mickey Mouse Club book
·
Donald
Duck and the Christmas Carol (1960)
·
Donald
Duck and the Witch Next Door (1971)
·
Disneyland
Parade with Donald Duck (1971)
·
Donald
Duck: Private Eye (1972)
·
Donald
Duck: Prize Driver (1974), a Mickey Mouse Club
book
·
America
On Parade (1975)
·
Instant
Millionaire (1978)
·
Where's
Grandma? (1983), a Golden Stiff It
book
·
Donald
Duck and the Big Dog (1986)
·
Some
Ducks Have All the Luck (1987)
|
Tell-a-Tale Books
·
Donald
Duck's Lucky Day (1951)
·
Full
Speed Ahead (1953)
·
Donald
Duck and the New Birdhouse (1956)
·
Donald
Duck in Frontierland (1957)
·
Donald
Duck and the Super-Sticky Secret (1985)
·
Tom
Sawyer's Island (1985)
Little Big Books
·
The
Fabulous Diamond Fountain (1967)
·
Luck of
the Ducks (1969)
·
Donald
Duck in Volcano Valley (1973),
reprinting of 1949 Better Little Book
·
The Lost
Jungle City (1975)
·
Donald
Duck (1936)
·
Donald
Duck and His Friends (1939),
a Disney Health book
·
Donald
Duck and His Nephews (1939),
a Disney Health book
·
Donald
Duck and the Magic Stick (1974)
·
Donald
Duck: Mountain Climber (1978)
·
Donald
Duck's Big Surprise (1982)
·
Donald
Duck Buys a House (1982)
·
The
Donald Duck Book (1978), a Golden Shape book
·
Baby
Donald's Day at the Beach (2001)
·
Baby
Donald Makes a Snowfriend (2005)
|
Beyond
Disney
·
Donald is the only popular film and television cartoon
character to appear as a mascot for a major
American university: a licensing agreement between Disney and the University of Oregonallows
the school's sports teams to use Donald's image as its "Fighting Duck" mascot. In 1984, Donald
Duck was named an honorary alumnus of the University of Oregon during his 50th
birthday celebration. During a visit to the Eugene Airport, 3,000 to 4,000 fans gathered
for the presentation of an academic cap and gown to Donald. Thousands of area
residents signed a congratulatory scroll for Donald, and that document is now
part of Disney's corporate archives.
·
In the 1940s, Donald was adopted as an unofficial mascot
by Brazilian sports club Botafogo after
Argentinean cartoonist Lorenzo Mollas, who was working in Brazil at the time,
drew him with the club's soccer uniform. Mollas chose Donald because he
complains and fights for his rights, like the club's managers at those years,
and also because, being a duck, he does not lose his elegance while moving in
the water (an allusion to rowing). He was eventually replaced so that the
club would not have to pay royalties to Disney (Botafogo's current official
mascot is "Manequinho", representing the Manneken Pis statue in front of the
club's head office), but has since retained the status of unofficial mascot.
·
Donald's name and image are used on numerous commercial
products, one example being Donald Duck brand orange juice, introduced by Citrus World in 1940.
·
Donald Duck was temporarily listed as a "hired"
employee in the database of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development as
late as 1978. Given a $99,999 salary — more than double the $47,500 take
federal civil servants were legally limited to be paid at the time — the name
was unchallenged by a computer intended to catch government payroll fraud.
Picked as one of thirty fictitious names by the Government Accounting Office,
the use of it was a test to see if the payroll system of the HUD could be
manipulated to defraud the government.[24]
·
Donald Duck's head and neck, wearing a radio headset and
wrapped in earphone wires with an expression of pain on his face and with
crossed crutches below, was the nose art on Lieutenant Ted W. Lawson's B-25 Mitchell bomber, the Ruptured
Duck, on the famous Doolittle Raid on Tokyo in 1942.
·
In the 1950s, an early Mad Magazine parody of Mickey Mouse (called "Mickey
Rodent", written by "Walt Dizzy") featured "Darnold
Duck", whose quacky voice had to be "translated" for the
readers, and who was shamed into finally wearing pants.
·
Although Donald's military service has most been
recognized as him in the US Army from his wartime cartoons (and to a lesser
extent having Donald in the US Navy from Duck
Tales), Walt Disney had authorized Donald to be used as a mascot for the US Coast Guard. The Coast Guard image shows a
fierce-looking Donald Duck dressed in a pirate's outfit, appearing vigilant
against any potential threats to the coastal regions in the United States. This
image is still often used on many Coast Guard bases and Coast Guard cutters today.
·
Donald Duck is referred to in the song "The Village
Green Preservation Society" by The Kinks: "We are the Village Green
Preservation Society/ God save Donald Duck, vaudeville and variety..." The
reference is ironical, as the singer is lamenting the disappearance of
perceived traditional English cultural artifacts.
·
Donald Duck makes a cameo appearance in the cartoon sequence in 200 Motels (1971).
·
In Sweden, a comic book artist
named Charlie
Christensen got into a legal dispute with Disney when his
creation Arne Anka looked similar to Donald Duck
(albeit Arne is a pessimistic drunkard). However Charlie made a mockery of the
legal action, and staged a fake death for his character, which then had plastic
surgery performed and reappeared as Arne X with a more crow-like beak. He later
purchased a strap-on duck beak from a novelty gift shop, pointing out that
"If Disney is planning to give me any legal action; all I have to do is
remove my fake beak."
·
In 1991, the Disney Corporation sued the Israeli caricaturist Dudu Geva for copyright
infringement, claiming his character "Donald Dach" in the
story "Moby Duck" was a ripoff of Donald.[25] The Courts found in their
favor and forced Geva to pay for the legal expenses and remove his book from
the shelves. More mildly, the character Howard The Duck's original design was modified
to include pants allegedly due to pressure from Disney.[26]
·
In 2005, Donald received his own star on the Hollywood Walk of
Fame at 6840 Hollywood Blvd[27] joining other fictional
characters such as Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Woody Woodpecker, The Simpsons, Winnie the Pooh, Kermit the Frog, Big Bird, Godzilla and Snow White.
·
Donald's fame has led Disney to license the character for
a number of video games, such as the Kingdom Hearts series,
where Donald is the court magician of Disney Castle. He accompanies Goofy and a
young boy named Soraon a
quest to find King Mickey Mouse, defeat the Heartless and Nobodies, and put an
end to the evil Xehanort and Organization XIII.[28] He is voiced by Tony Anselmo in the English version
and Kōichi Yamadera in
the Japanese version.
·
Italian Power Metal Band Trick or Treat have a song called
"Like Donald Duck" in their debut album "Evil
Needs Candy Too" (2006).[29][30]
·
Asteroid 12410 was named after Donald Duck.[31]
Appearances
Main article: Donald Duck
filmography
Selected
short films
Feature-length
films
Television
series
Video
games
|
·
Donald Duck's
Speedboat (cancelled) (1983)
·
Donald's
Alphabet Chase (1988)
·
Donald
The Hero (1988)
|
·
Donald
Duck Quest (2006)
·
Duckburg
P.D.: Donald on Duty (2007)
·
Donald
Duck Quest Deluxe (2007)
·
Donald
Duck Chaos of the Road (2008)
·
Phantom
Duck (2008)
|
Famous
illustrators
|
·
Bas
Heymans
|
·
Don Rosa
·
Vicar
|
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